Symptoms, signs, consumer manifestations of syphilis

Syphilis is an infectious disease. It is manifested by many symptoms. The predominant way of infection – sexual. The causative agent is a pathogenic bacterium – Treponema pallidum (spirochete). A pregnant woman infected with syphilis can pass it to the fetus.

How is contamination of domestic

Treponema has the following properties:

1. After death remains viable for about four days;
2. Insensitive to cooling, when t -78°C can maintain its functions (after thawing) within a year;
3. Quickly neutralized by boiling, drying, exposure to alkalis, acids and antiseptics;
4. At t +55°C dies within 15 minutes.

In order for infection to occur, pale treponeme need to get into the person's bloodstream. That is, even in the ordinary intercourse of a healthy person with the infected partner, transmission of the pathogen is not always the case. To do this, the first one must have mucous membranes or the skin any damage.

Transmission of syphilis through everyday life happens very rarely. This assumes the following two conditions: the viability of Treponema pallidum outside of the human body and the presence of cuts, wounds or other skin damage. Best spirochete feels in a wet environment, for example, sponges, razors, toothbrushes, wet towels, etc. Also it can be in inflammatory disintegrating the formations on the skin of patients with tertiary syphilis.

Health workers there is a probability of infection upon autopsy. If you violate the rules of sanitation that can happen during the various manipulations to patients suffering from syphilis. You can also get infected by using injection syringes, not subjected to disinfection, which often happens in drug addicts. In the body of a newborn pallidum enters from the sick mother during childbirth, and through breast milk.

Signs of stage I disease

Regardless, syphilis is transmitted by household or sexual contact, the symptoms remain the same. After an incubation period (duration 3-4 weeks) in place of the introduction spirochetes chancre appears. It looks like a tight painful erosive education. In case of low immunity in a patient, the incubation period can be shortened, and using antibiotics to lengthen.

The conventional transmission chancre, as a rule, is formed on the genitals. Household may occur in any other place: when infected using a razor on his chin, from health workers in the field of hands. Usually the chancre has a dirty yellow color. Sometimes looks like a localized painful swelling or purulenteducation.

Often adjacent to the region of penetration of the pathogen, swollen lymph nodes. A symptom of stage I disease is also lymph vessels. The latter begins to be palpable painless as tight cords.

Symptoms of stages II and III

6-8 weeks if untreated, the disease passes into second stage, which lasts 2-4 years. Its main symptoms are:

• rash, look like blisters;
• abscesses;
• small pink spots;
• the increase of all the lymph nodes.

Disease passes into the third stage is extremely rare. This occurs in the absence of treatment or when the wrong therapy. The main symptom of multiple damage internal organs and even bone tissue.

Diagnosis

Previously for the detection of syphilis were used to study the blood on RW. Its disadvantage are fairly frequent false-positive results. Currently use blood tests to TPPA or ELISA, for diagnosis – RIBT and RIF.

Most blood tests for syphilis give positive results in treated people from him. Each study has its drawbacks, therefore, for accurate diagnosis, it is recommended to take several types.

PCR-diagnostics detects the presence of Treponema pallidum, but only on the first two stages of the disease.

Treatment and prevention

Household treatment of syphilis must be carried out at the dermatologist. Based on the identified symptoms and test results, the doctor prescribes antibiotics. Course duration and dosage of the drugs are selected individually. Treatment often lasts 2-3 weeks. At this time the patient is forbidden to have sex. When properly selected treatment is almost 100% of cases, recovery occurs.

For the prevention of domestic syphilis is recommended to observe the following rules:

• do not use other people's hygiene items;
• to avoid any contact with patients with syphilis;
• disinfect utensils and personal belongings of the patient in case of joint accommodation;
• do not re-use disposable syringes.

In the event probability of infection should immediately contact a dermatologist and begin preventive (warning) treatment.