Normal values of IgG level, IgM in the study on cytomegalovirus infection

Cytomegalovirus infection is widespread. Once in the human body, the virus remains in it forever. Serological methods of diagnosis (detection of IgM and IgG antibodies) help to determine at what stage is the disease, what the results of the survey are indicators of norms, and what they say about the necessity of treatment.

Characterization of IgM and IgG

When cytomegalovirus is found with the body of the "host" for the first time, in response to its antigenic structure induces the production of protective antibodies. Immunoglobulins do not allow the virus to increase their numbers. The time frame of antibody can vary depending on the personal characteristics of the immune system.

IgM first to be on defense. They can be detected in the blood after an average of 2 weeks to determine within 2-5 months. Therefore, the presence of titers of antibodies of class M (IgM) in high concentrations in the blood are evidence of infections that occurred recently and for the first time.

Later IgG are produced. The process begins from 14 to 30 days from the date of entry of the virus into the cell. Within 4-5 weeks the number of antibodies in this class is growing rapidly. Then gradually decreases and remains in relatively stable level until the end of life. Thus, the presence of IgG – statement of fact, the finding of CMV in the body, not allowing to clarify the level of activity and age of disease.

The definition and meaning of avidity

Clarification is possible with the help of determining the avidity of IgG to cytomegalovirus. Under the avidity understand the strength of the connection of antibodies with introduced in the body of foreign agents. In this case, the antigen is a cytomegalovirus. We are talking about immunoglobulin G. IgM is characteristic of a much stronger link with cytomegalovirus. But they are so short circulate in the bloodstream that the determination of the strength of their Association with the antigen lost its diagnostic value.

As for the avidity of IgG to the virus, it grows by the formation of the immune system's response. "Age" characteristics of IgG following: first, the creation of antibodies with low avidity, and then high.

Nishaville immunoglobulin G can be detected up to 5 months from the moment of infection. When the disease is prolonged and escalates, we find the antibodies G-class with high avidity.

Conclusion: IgG with an avidity of less than 35% indicates primary infection and recent.

The concept of norm and pathology in pregnancy

The establishment of limitation of infection of the patient is extremely important when observing women who are"in position". If the infection was first found with the body during pregnancy, the response of the immune system is so rapid, that pales in comparison to the chronic process.

In such circumstances, the possibility of infection in the womb baby high. A consequence of this may be early termination of pregnancy, malformations, and lesions of organs and systems (liver, spleen, lung tissue, Central nervous system).

The number of antibodies to cytomegalovirus and interpretation of the avidity index to help determine the rate of and prevent unwanted complications in pregnancy:

• obnaruzhenie in the absence of IgG indicates acute infection and a high risk of cytomegalovirus infection congenital origin;
• being in crowed and parallel IgG low Avenyn index informs about the same;
• Dmvault in the blood along with vysokoavidnyh IgG is the return of a chronic infection, not threatening to the fetus;
• in the absence of tetrad, but fixing vysokoavidnyh protective complexes of a class G have "awakened" latent pathology;
• circulate in the blood толькоIgG with avidity above 60% – asymptomatic carriers and a strong immune system.

The rate at which the immunoglobulins of any class not definable, suggests that cytomegalovirus infection and the body has not yet met. On the one hand, this is good, and on the other there is a risk of "meeting" it is in the vulnerable period of pregnancy. Expectant mothers should apply the precautionary measures. Indispensable quality monitoring and dynamic tests (enzyme immunoassay).

The order of examination

If immunoglobulin M and G there is no need to repeat the blood test in 2-4 weeks. This excludes the taking of blood in the interval "window". The so-called serology in the time interval from infection to the appearance of specific antibodies to cytomegalovirus. Again, if the result is negative, the next examination after 1.5-2 months.

Specifically to prepare for blood sampling is not necessary. It is desirable to eliminate stress and heavy physical activity the day before. This also applies to fatty, hot and spicy food.

Venous blood taken in the morning. From it, using the centrifugation to get the plasma, which is subjected to analysis by ELISA.

Interpretation of results must be carried out exclusively by the doctor. The possibility of false positive and negative results, a set of indicators and level of credits should be taken into account only by an expert. Indeed, during analysis the number of possible combinations and the following conclusions large.